IT'S TIME TO MOVE ON: From "Walking in Solidarity" to "We are Treaty People"

Recently, the Pine Tree speakers at the Peterborough Library told us of the importance of “Mnoomin”, wild rice growing in the traditional waters of their homeland, known as the Mississauga Territory of the Ojibwe Nation.  This is also the area that we think of as our home, Peterborough and the Kawarthas.

When someone asked, “what can we do to help you?” - I thought I heard Elder Doug Williams say that it was time for us to start figuring that out for ourselves.  He said it much more diplomatically, but I think that was his challenge to us.

The background:

For generations past, most Canadians have lived contentedly in the country we call Canada with no thought of the price we have demanded of the First Peoples, as our governments, in our name, followed policies that tried to assimilate them into our society, committing horrendous acts named “genocidal” by the Truth & Reconciliation Commission (TRC), and pushing them onto small parcels of land to eke out a meagre existence while we flourished through the resource development on their lands.

As the work of the TRC comes to an end, we have suddenly begun to realize that the relationship between the First Peoples and The Rest of us is badly out of kilter, and we are now beginning to wonder what we can to do to make changes.

How to make changes:

The first thing to understand is that changes have already been happening.  The First Peoples, in particular, have been making tremendous changes; they have begun to reclaim their own languages, histories, traditions and spiritual teachings, and are taking charge of their own lives and their own territories.  Locally, that is what the Anishinabe speakers were telling us about “wild rice”. 

And they don’t really need our help to make that happen, because the mechanisms are already in place – have, in fact, always been in place from the time of first contact, when we began to come to this land and were received by the First Peoples who lived here and were prepared to share their homeland with us.

But we came with the belief that we were superior, and had the right to subjugate the First Peoples, which we did over several hundred years of colonization policies, with tragic results.

But we have not been able to conquer the First Peoples, as they are now showing us.  In those intervening years, there were times when, as some of us began to understand the horror of the past, we tried to help, and friendships were established, and church teachings were accepted, but now we are entering a new era.  The First Peoples are reclaiming their sovereign nationhood; however they understand that in their particular territory and within their own tribal affiliation.

So it’s time for us to recognize that, and to find new ways of working together with First Peoples, in a nation-to-nation relationship in accordance with the Two-Row Wampum teachings http://www.anishinabek.ca/treaty-research.asp

Back to the wild rice issue:

With regard to mnoomin, the chief players are, on one side of the Two-Row Wampum, the Williams Treaties First Nations:

Alderville First Nation

Beausoleil First Nation

Curve Lake First Nation

Georgina Island First Nnation

Hiawatha First Nation

Rama First Nation

Scugog First Nation

with Karry Sandy McKenzie as Process Co-ordinator.

On the other side is The Crown, which includes:

For the Federal government:

Parks Canada and the Trent-Severn Waterway

For the Provincial government:

Ministry of Natural Resources and Kawartha Conservation

For the Municipal government (re part of Pigeon Lake)

Selwyn, and possibly Peterborough County.

What is “The  Crown”? Check your history:

The First Peoples know that their treaties were made, and negotiations took place, between the sovereign nation of whichever First Peoples were engaged, and the representatives of the British Crown, which in 1763 was King George III.  http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/royal-proclamation-of-1763/

Over the years, the country we call Canada has evolved into a national entity through subsequent legislation: The British North America Act 1867, the Indian Act 1876, various amendments to Indian Act legislation in intervening years, and the Canada Constitution Act 1982, which includes the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, as well as Part II, 35 (1) and (2).  http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/constitution-act-1982-document/

More recently, the Canadian government has signed the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, whereby we agree to uphold the principle of the “duty to consult” for the “free, prior and informed consent” of the First Peoples, although Canada, in its agreement to sign, referred to the “aspirational” nature of the right, (meaning, I presume, we understand the First Peoples “hopes” but do not yet recognize the First Peoples “right” in this regard.  This did not impress the First Peoples.)

As our Canadian governance has evolved, many of the federal government’s fiduciary and other legal responsibilities under all that legislation has been devolved to the provincial governments, and then to municipal governments, so that today, we must see THE CROWN as composed of federal, provincial and municipal legislative leaders; hence, the listing above.

And all those government entities together represent us, the citizens of Canada.

Thus, we have a responsibility:

Our responsibility, as Canadians citizens, is to monitor the actions of our federal, provincial and municipal elected leaders to ensure that they, as ministers of The Crown, meet the requirements of negotiating with the First Peoples, on a nation-to-nation basis.

Back to the Mnoomin issue:

During this past summer, an error was made when one segment of The Crown (Trent-Severn Waterway and Parks Canada) issued a permit to allow non-First Peoples to destroy the wild rice in Pigeon Lake, without undertaking the “duty to consult” for “free, prior and informed consent”.  In other words, we acted without consulting the First Peoples, and that is now a “no-no” in our current relationship with First Peoples.

It took some spirited action on the part of First Peoples to point out this fact, but when The Crown component of Parks Canada realized what had happened, it agreed with the request of Karry Sandy McKenzie to attend a meeting with the Williams Treaties First Nations representatives to begin the correct negotiating process. 

So far, one meeting has been held, but I understand a second meeting is to take place very soon.

So where does that leave us – the local cottager-owners and the local First Peoples supporters in this area?

It leaves us waiting – perhaps praying if one is so inclined – that those representing us in those negotiations (representatives of The Crown) will accept the necessity of honouring the “duty to consult” for “free, prior and informed consent” by listening to the representatives of the First Nations as they sit together around a table. 

That means careful listening, compassionate comprehension and respectful dialogue while the two sides try to think of ways to move forward in partnership to a reasonable conclusion.

My humble conclusion:

Perhaps one role we can play in this situation at this time is to keep trying to educate our fellow Canadian citizens about these historic facts as listed here.

And I make no claim to any special knowledge about all this.  I am just sharing with you the sort of understanding I have reached in my own heart and mind as I have listened to the First Peoples over the past half-century.  And I humbly ask that you begin to learn the true history of our country and of our relationship with the First Peoples as it has been evolving since the time of first contact. 

This is not an easy path to take, but it is the journey I believe the First Peoples are now asking us to undertake.  And I would further suggest that the time has come for us to ask of the First Peoples not “how can we help you?” but “how can you help us?”

The First Peoples may reply in different ways: some are already very busy working at various levels of this part of our journey together, and won’t have time to talk with us; but others will be willing to undertake that role.  That’s what I think the Pine Tree Lecture of Trent’s Indigenous Studies Dept. was offering us earlier this week.

I would dare to think that the Pine Tree lecturers would feel well supported if we could show them that we are indeed beginning to learn the truth of our shared history.

And as we engage one another in that journey, I believe we will become better human beings, and we all know how badly our world needs that.

APTN interviews Tom Mulcair

I have just watched APTN (Aboriginal Peoples Television Network) anchor Cheryl McKenzie interview Tom Mulcair, and it's easy to see how First Peoples would be drawn to vote NDP in this election next Monday.  http://aptn.ca/news/


 Listening to questions from First Peoples across the country, including First Nations, Metis and Inuit folk, Mulcair replied in ways which told me that he has done his homework.  He has spent time visiting with First Peoples communities and organizations, and listening to their concerns, as well as having the benefit of his law experience and education, so that he knows and understands the legal ramification of the relationship between First Peoples and The Rest of Us, and he has been building the NDP platform to show respect for the nation-to-nation relationship that I have never heard from any other Canadian government leader.

I find that very hopeful.

At the end of the interview, Cheryl said that, in its 16-year history,  no sitting prime minister had ever agreed to appear on APTN, so she asked Mulcair: "If you become prime minister, will you come back to be interviewed?",  to which Mulcair replied: "It would be an honour."  That brought tears to my eyes.

Cheryl also pointed out that Stephen Harper had refused the invitation to be interviewed.

Elizabeth May ad Justin Trudeau were interviewed, also by Cheryl, earlier this week.

APTN will also be reporting election coverage on Monday, October 19. 

Further help with TRC Calls to Action follow-up

In Mr. Justice Murray Sinclair’s presentation at the final Truth and Reconciliation Commission Gathering in Ottawa last month, he told us: 

“We have described for you a mountain. We have shown you the path to the top.  We call on you to do the climbing.”

Now KAIROS has offered important details for how to begin that journey.  It will be especially helpful for churches, but any and all of us can use it to our benefit towards finding new ways to understand our role in the Federal government’s assimilation policies and how we can help to repair the relationship between the First Peoples and The Rest of Us.

So take a look at
 http://www.kairoscanada.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/KAIROS_StrengthForClimbing.pdf
and find your entry into beginning the journey.

As you scroll through the document, perhaps you could check out some parts in particular:

<>  Be attentive to Indigenous voices in your midst.  (Some may be living next door.)

<> What does your church denomination say about the “Doctrine of Discovery”. (Anglicans currently have a commission working on that issue.)

<> Explore your own family history.  (Some years ago I was told by a young Quebec woman that her family had lived on land along the St. Lawrence River for eight generations, so she was a “native” just as much as “Indians” were “native”.  Really?)

<> In which watershed do you live?  (I think where I now live is part of a watershed that flows into Hudson Bay – but at this moment I can’t find the website where I saw that diagram – but you may have better luck on your browser.  At any rate, it’s impressive.)

And this one:

<> Introduce yourself at the Band Office of a nearby First Nation community.  (This may come as a bit of a surprise to First Nations communities who are not usually swamped with non-First Peoples folks showing up to ask:  “What can  I do to help?”  I hope the First Nations folks are ready for this.)

So, lots of very good suggestions for beginning to change the relationship between the First Peoples and The Rest of Us. 

I am most grateful for KAIROS issuing this very thoughtful and inclusive list of “things to do”, and I would dare to offer my own note of caution:

<> Never presume to know who is a First Peoples person – allow the other person to tell you who he or she is.  If it seems appropriate, I sometimes ask: “Do you have a tribal affiliation?”

<> Become at least somewhat knowledgeable about the protocols of interacting with First Peoples persons, especially Elders and Knowledge-Carriers, and learn to follow those protocols.  If you are not sure, ask an Elder or Knowledge-Carrier to explain.  If First Peoples find that you sincerely want to learn, they are willing to help.

<> If you plan to attend a Powwow or other First Peoples Gathering, learn the protocols associated with such events.  Having concern for such actions will hopefully show the First Peoples that you are sincere in your efforts.  In my long experinece of walking with First Peoples, I have come to believe that showing  respect is the first sign they seek from us.  In the words of the Treaties, we must honour our renewed relationship in RESPECT, JUSTICE, PEACE AND FRIENDSHIP, which, sadly, we failed to do in earlier times..

Or so it seems to me.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission 94 Recommendations

As I read through the 94 Recommendations listed in the Truth and Reconciliation’s “Calls to Action” http://www.trc.ca/websites/trcinstitution/File/2015/Findings/Calls_to_Action_English2.pdf

I saw that it had sub-headings, so I’m wondering if it may help us to plan further action if either individuals or groups could begin by working at one “section” at a time. 

At this point, a special note to my dear First Peoples friends who have allowed me to walk with them for so many years past: 

N’wiijkiwenh:  I hope you know that I am not including you in these suggestions – in that I learned long ago that First Peoples do not need me – Zhaaginaashii-kwe (white woman) – to tell them anything; rather, I have spent half my life learning how to listen to you as you shared with me your good teachings and your Anishnaabemowin (Ojibwe language), all of which has greatly enriched my life, and for which I say a profound gchi miigwech.

But we – The Rest of Us who have come to live among you – can sometimes feel simply overwhelmed at the scope of the devastation wrought upon your People throughout our shared history, and so we must find ways of coping.  For me, this is one way of trying to cope, because I really do want to make amends, to seek a new relationship with you, the First Peoples of Turtle Island, based on the equality, respect, peace and friendship that I think these Recommendations are calling for.

Back to my people:

Thus, under “Legacy”, there are five sections concerning Child Welfare, Education, Language & Culture, and Health and Justice, with several actions listed under each, numbered 1 - 42.

 A person, or a group, could perhaps check out the heading which holds particular interest, and think about how you could move forward towards putting one of more of those recommendations into practice.

The second section is headed “Reconciliation”, and lists 17 more Recommendations:

Canadian Government and the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples ONDRIP -    # 43-44

Royal Proclamation and Covenant of Reconciliation - # 45 – 47

Settlement Agreement Parties and the UNDRIP - # 48 – 49

Equity for Aboriginal People in the Legal System - # 50 – 52

National Council for Reconciliation - # 53 – 56

Professional Development and Training for Public Servants - # 57

Church Apologies and Reconciliation - # 58 – 61

Education for Reconciliation - # 62 – 65

Youth Programs - # 66

Museumsand& Archives - # 67-70

Missing Children and Burial Information - # 71 – 76

National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation - # 77 – 78

Commemoration - # 79 – 83

Media and Reconciliation - # 84 – 86

Sports and Reconciliation - # 87 – 91

Business and Reconciliation - # 92

Newcomers to Canada - # 93 – 94

As you look through that list, there may be a section that concerns particular interests you are already involved with, and so you – or your group – may wish to think of how you could concentrate on those particular recommendations.

This is simply my own idea, and is certainly not sanctioned by any sort of official body, so please don’t think this is offered in any light except as my own personal thoughts.

But if it helps you even to be willing to begin to look at the “Calls to Action”, which represents so many long hours of dedicated listening on our behalf, then I would commend this to your attention. 

And in the words of one of my early Ojibwe language teachers:  Ni mino masen - mishkooziiwin ge.  Walk in a good way - and be strong.

GOD AND THE INDIAN - A Play by Drew Hayden Taylor

“I don’t know who I am!”

How often have I heard that desolate cry from the heart of a First Peoples person struggling through an adulthood ravaged by the memories of residential schools or of foster care from the Sixties Scoop era?

I heard it again in the voice of Johnny Indian one recent Sunday afternoon as she engaged Assistant Bishop George King who Johnny remembered as the man who had abused her in residential school many years earlier.

And how often have I said to my First Peoples friends after listening to their stories of residential schools: “I am sorry – so sorry - for what my people, and my church, did to you and your families through the residential schools”.

All the pathos of both these heartfelt cries were caught in Drew Hayden Taylor’s play, GOD AND THE INDIAN, though 75 tension-filled minutes, with no pause, in the intimate setting of the Aki Circle Theatre in the downtown Toronto neighbourhood where so many of those same lost and lonely souls exist; where St. James’ Anglican Cathedral raises its lofty spire to the sky.

It has been my privilege, my duty, and my agony, as a life-long Anglican who has walked with the First Peoples for almost 50 years, to listen to many, many stories of IRS survivors, and the survivors of the Sixties Scoop, First Peoples children taken from their homes by social workers and placed in non-First Peoples foster and adoptive homes across Canada and beyond.

Watching the talented Lisa Ravensberger share Johnny Indian’s story with us, I was remembering so many women I had met over the years who had walked the same path, suffered the same nightmares and pain, but not all of whom had the chance to confront their abusers in later life.  Watching while sitting with a young Anishinabe Kwe (Ojibwe woman), shedding tears as she experienced once again the tragedy of intergenerational IRS trauma, remembering her grandmother who raised her but was unable to give her the love that every child needs to grow into healthy adulthood.

 So many men and women came out of the IRS with no understanding of how to nurture children in love, since they had never experienced love in the institutional setting, separated from their parents, and siblings, and their language, culture, ceremonies and the spiritual and traditional teachings of their people.

I had read the play, just recently published http://www.drewhaydentaylor.com/books/god-and-the-indian/, so I knew what was going to happen, in a way.

What I was not prepared for was the shock of hearing Assistant Bishop George King, trying to defend himself as the charges of sexual and other abuse are raised by Johnny, and he shows her the words of the apology spoken by Anglican Church Archbishop Michael Peers:  “I accept and I confess before God and you, our failures in the residential schools. … I am sorry, more than I can say, that in our schools so many were abused physically, sexually, culturally, and emotionally.  On behalf of the Anglican Church of Canada, I present our apology.”

How many times have I listened to that apology, spoken on my behalf, by a friend and a highly respected leader whose lot it was to steer the Anglican Church though those tumultuous days as we began to hear the truth of our shared history stretching back over many generations.

I sat in the darkened theatre with tears in my eyes, because I had walked with the members of the Anglican Council of Indigenous Peoples in those dark days – the sense of betrayal as the lawyers took over the management of the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement. 

It’s true, we were not the lone defendants: the Agreement was signed by the Federal Government of Jean Chretien, the Assembly of First Nations, the four church entities (Anglican, United Church, Roman Catholic and Presbyterian), and the Indian Residential School Survivors Society, but as a life-long Anglican, I carry the responsibility for the legacy of the Anglican Church’s involvement with the historic relationship between Anglicans and the First Peoples for the past 400 or more years.

GOD AND THE INDIAN helps me to understand ever more deeply the full import of that relationship.  God grant that I and my fellow Anglicans will begin the work of healing that broken relationship under the leadership of the First Peoples, especially those now claiming that position of leadership in our midst.

Thank you, Drew, for offering us one more step along that path of healing.